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Distillation Engineering
Distillation Engineering


 
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Product Code: 9780820602158

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ISBN-13/EAN: 9780820602158
ISBN: 0820602159
Author: Reinhard Billet
Chemical Publishing
Book - Hardback
Pub Date: Jan 5, 1979
534 Pages
Features
Partial Table of Contents -

I. The Thermal Separation of Liquids

II. Thermodynamics of Mixtures
1. Definitions and Relationships
A. Separability of a Liquid Mixture
B. Partial Pressures in Vapor Mixtures
C. Evaporation of Liquid Mixtures
2. Types of Mixtures
A. Ideal Binary Mixtures
B. Nonideal Binary Mixtures
C. Ideal Multicomponent Mixtures
D. Nonideal Multicomponent Mixtures

III. Continuous Rectifiers
1. Mode of Operations
2. Operating Lines
A. Enrichment Line
B. The Stripping Line
3. Stepwise Separation in Rectifiers
A. Theoretical Plates for Separation of Binaries
B. The Reflux Ratio in the Separation of Binaries
C. Multicomponent Mixtures
4. Column Diameter and Column Throughput
5. Heat Requirements

IV. The Batch Still
1. Operation
2. Operating Line and Separation Steps
3. Column Diameter, Column Throughput, and Heat Requirements
4. Time for Separation and Related Variables at Constant Product Concentration
A. Molar Vapor Load Constant in Time
B. Heat Requirement Constant in Time
5. Separation Time for Variable Heating Area

V. The Semicontinuous Still
1. Operation
2. Finding the Operating Lines, the Separation Steps, the Column Load, the Column: Size, and the Heat Demand

VI. Engineering Data, Optimization of Costs, and Selection of Column Internals
1. General
A. Packing Types
B. Plates and Trays
2. Designs and Functions
A. Packed Towers
B. Plate Columns
3. Evaluation of Rectifying Columns and Best Mode of Operation
A. Evaluating and Calculations, Separating Effect, Pressure Loss, Load, Specific Column Volume, and Specific Column Cost
B. Numerical Evaluation for Packed Towers
C. Quantitative Evaluation for Plate-Type Columns
D. Packed Columns versus Tray Columns-Operational Features and Cost
E. Special Designs for Vacuum Operation
4. Tests of Full-Size Tower Internals

VII. Optimum Separation
1. Optimization of Simple Columns
A. The Theory and Its Application
B. Quantitative Evaluation
2. Optimization of Multiple Columns
A. Duplex Columns: Number of Theoretical Steps, Reflux Ratios, and Vapor Loads
B. Vapor Loads of Multiple Columns Subdivided Because of Limited Height
C. Optimizing Duplex Rectifiers for Minimum Pressure Loss
3. Optimum Operation of Combined Columns of Different Types Under Special Consideration
A. Parallel Arrangement
B. Series Arrangement
4. Specialized Operations
A. Specialized Hookups and their Calculation
B. Rectification in Straight Stripping Columns
C. Rectification in Straight Enriching Columns
D. Direct Heating of Columns
E. Saving Heat in Rectification

VIII. Detail Planning of Separating Columns
1. General Viewpoints in the Selection of Column Types
2. Packed Columns
Columns
3. Special Packings
4. Plate-Type Columns
5. Pressure Losses in Rectification Columns

IX. Partial Distillation
1. Separation of Liquids by Continuous Partial Distillation
2. Separation of Liquids by Discontinuous Partial Distillation

X. Partial Condensation
1. Partial Condensation in Dephlegmators
2. Partial Countercurrent Direct Condensation in Columns

XI. Laboratory Columns and Pilot Plants
1. Distillation Columns with Miniature Size Packing
2. Transferring Data Gained From Semi-industrial Units to Full-Scale

XII. Distillation in Fine and High Vacuum
1. Molecular Distillation
2. Thin-Film Distillation
3. Mechanism of Separation

XIII. Components of a Separation Plant
1. Internal Components
2. Heat Exchangers
3. Pumps
4. Measuring and Controls

XIV. Use of Computers

XV. Distillation and Environmental Protection

XVI. Outlook

Bibliography
Symbols and Units
Glossary
Index

Preface -

In the past, the theory of distillation and rectification has appeared in great detail in the form of both single publications and monographies. However, until now, this particular field has lacked a book on thermal separation processes which concentrates on the practical application, design and planning of total plants from an industrial point of view. It was therefore the author's aim in writing "Distillation Engineering" to cover the industrial side of distillation and rectification. Following publication of the German edition in 1973, the great demand for this book confirmed that this intention was right.

The increasing use of distillation apparatus and plants in the field of technology and environmental protection, particularly in the chemical and allied industries, justified the inclusion in the American edition of a complete chapter concerning distillation technology in environmental protection. Furthermore, the author also felt it necessary to discuss Vacuum Distillation in greater detail. In addition:to this, certain chapters have been extended in this edition in order to include new industrially significant findings which have been revealed in the light of further developments during the last few years.

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